英語(yǔ)閱讀理解主要有以下幾種題型:主旨題、細節題、推理題、猜詞題和態(tài)度題等。其中細節題仍占有較大的比重,每篇閱讀理解都有至少兩道細節題,而且由過(guò)去的直接可以在文章中找到答案逐漸轉向通過(guò)對語(yǔ)句的理解與分析來(lái)考查考生的語(yǔ)言理解能力和運用能力。因此,難度較之前有所提升。本文就細節題的解題技巧做簡(jiǎn)單介紹。
一、概念
文中的細節主要體現在作者為了說(shuō)明某問(wèn)題或闡明某觀(guān)點(diǎn)而通過(guò)具體的事實(shí)細節來(lái)支撐。這些細節可以包括具體的數字、定義、事實(shí)等內容組成。
二、常見(jiàn)的出題模式
細節題常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)法有以下幾種:
According to the passage/ the author, who (what, when, where, how, why, etc)……?
All of the following are correct (mentioned) except__.
Which of the following statement is ture?
What type of service does the company/ government offer?
三、解題技巧
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細節題的解題技巧主要運用以下幾種方法:
1)找定位詞,在原文中找到相關(guān)信息,帶回原文進(jìn)行驗證。常見(jiàn)的定位詞:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人名、專(zhuān)有名詞、特有信息等。需要注意的是有時(shí)候選項中有好幾項出現在原文中,這時(shí)要結合題干來(lái)篩選;有時(shí)候正確的選項未必會(huì )在原文中直接找到,要根據作者的態(tài)度或者通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的判斷推理才能得出正確的結論。
2)順序定位,一般出題都會(huì )按照文章段落的順序出現。
3)同義詞替換原則。例如:diffucult=complicated,manager=managerial, 這樣的地方恰恰是問(wèn)題所在答案的地方。
四、例題示范
1. Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the mental almost irrational. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn’t any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity.
Q. In the economists’ eyes, gold is something _____.
A. they look down upon
B. that can be exchanged in the market
C. worth people’s reverence
D. that should be replaced by other forms of money
此題選B,這題是事實(shí)細節題,原文中指出許多經(jīng)濟學(xué)家不喜歡黃金的原因是人們對黃金缺乏理性的崇拜,在他們看來(lái)黃金只不過(guò)是一種商品,也就是可以用來(lái)交換的東西。(此題主要運用解題技巧1)
參考譯文:大多數經(jīng)濟學(xué)家都討厭黃金。要知道,這可不是因為他們瞧不起一兩塊金條,而是因為他們發(fā)現許多人對這種金屬的崇敬幾乎到了毫無(wú)理性的地步。這與它被用作千禧年的貨幣并無(wú)關(guān)系:那已經(jīng)是昨日黃花了?,F代貨幣采用的是紙幣的形式,或者,更多時(shí)候采用的是電子數據的形式。對經(jīng)濟學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),黃金只是另外一種商品。
2. No, in the consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product — like a car or closes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.
Q: In this consumerist age, most parents_____.
A. regard college education as a wise investment
B. place a premium on the prestige of the college
C. think it crucial to send their children to college
D. consider college education a consumer product
此題選D,原文中“evaluating”相當于D選項中的“consider”,由此可知直接可以得出答案D。(此題用到解題技巧3)
參考譯文:不,在消費主義的時(shí)代,大部分買(mǎi)家不會(huì )把大學(xué)看做一種投資,而是一種消費品-----就像汽車(chē)、衣服和住房一樣。購買(mǎi)這些商品,價(jià)格僅是需要考慮的很多關(guān)鍵因素中的一個(gè)。